I recently posted about Advent of Code - a series of programming problems relseased one a day. While they vary in terms of level of difficulty, a number of them make nice problems for introductory to mid level programming classes.

I thought I'd share some of my thoughts on a few of them starting with the first problem from this years competition.

Take a minute to read it over.

At first glance, it might seem to a young programmer that this problem requires a two dimensional array - all about (x,y) coordinates but then there's a problem - there are no limits on coordinates and we can't make an unlimited size array.

After thinking a bit, hopefully the programmer realizes that all they need to do is keep track of the how the (x,y) location changes over time. In the solution below, we start at (0,0) and count the steps as we update two variables x and y.

When we finish processing the moves, we have our current location in (x,y) and we have the number of steps taken to get there.

The solution below hsa a couple of niceties that a beginning programmer might not know or use (and I'm not arguing that what's written is superior in any way, it's just what I ended up writing).

I make use of tuple destructuring:

x,y = (0,0)

which assigns x to the first item in the tuple and y the second. I used that a number of times

I also use a list I call dirs to hold dx and dy values for the four direcitons:

dirs=[(0,1),(1,0),(0,-1),(-1,0)]

This made it easier to to update the location based on the 4 directions. I could also have just used if statements.

Here's all the code:

x,y = (0,0) # assume our starting location is 0,0

# we start with d=0 -> facing north
# as we turn left or right, we can just increment or decrement d
# and dirs[d] will give us the appropriate dx and dy to update
# our locatoin for the next step
dirs=[(0,1),(1,0),(0,-1),(-1,0)]
d=0

# This is only needed for part 2  - We track visited locations
# by adding them to the dictionary. If we try to add a location
# that's already been visited we know that we've found our final
# location
# locs={}  # uncomment this line for part 2


totalsteps=0
for i in l:

# the first char in i is the direction to turn in (L or R)
# the rest represents the number of steps.
dir=i[0]
steps=int(i[1:])

if dir=="L":
d = (d+1)%4
else:
d = (d-1)%4
(dx,dy) = dirs[d]
for i in range(steps):
(x,y) = (x + dx, y + dy)
totalsteps=totalsteps+1

# Uncomment this block for part 2
# each time we have a new location, see if it's already in
# locs, if it isn't, add it.
# if it is, we're visiting somewhere twice so we're done.
#if ((x,y) not in locs):
#    locs[(x,y)]=1
#else:
#    print((x,y))
#    print(abs(x)+abs(y)) # the answer
#    sys.exit(0)
#    break


print(x,y)
print(abs(x)+abs(y)) # the answer

Overall, a nice little problem for beginning and intermediate students.